Suchergebnisse

In recent years, the impact of the high-yielding varieties
(HYVs) of cereals on the stability of cereals production has received
increasing attention along with the growth potential of the technology.
A number of studies, especially on Indian agriculture, have emphasized
the destabilizing impact of the technology on foodgrains production. In
contrast to such fmdings, the present analysis of rice production and
yield in Bangladesh suggests a lower variability during the postadoption
period. Such conclusions are also supported by seasonal and regional
data, although HYVs themselves are seen to be more variable than their
local counterparts. An examination of the trends in variability during
periods separated by the new technology provides an evidence of a
reversal of trends. It is argued that, with the introduction of HYVs,
complementary technological irmovations and land/water resources
development have taken place, which have enabled the farmers to reduce
gross dependence on nature and played key roles in reductions in
variability in rice production and yield in Bangladesh.

"The book provides a comprehensive conceptual understanding covering major challenges and pathways to progressively promote inclusive development in Bangladesh. Since independence in 1971, Bangladesh has achieved significant economic growth and social progress, but the benefits have not been shared equitably across all groups in society and there is the demand that inclusive development should be at the core of the country's development agenda. Analysing inclusive development in Bangladesh, the authors present it as synonymous with improving the well-being of all individuals in a comprehensive manner along with upholding the principles of equity and justice. The book shows that the multi-dimensionality of inclusive development facilitates the participation of all in society in development through enhancing capabilities and ensuring equal opportunities. The analysis highlights social investments in specific concerns of the marginalised and disadvantaged groups and unequal structural forces that compel the state to remain biased towards the rich and consequent 'elite capture' of the state in Bangladesh. Arguing that Bangladesh has moved closer towards applying the inclusive development tenets in policy making, the book's findings show that the challenge is the absence of any generic formula to ensure that the country is moving towards a more inclusive development path. A valuable contribution to the study of Bangladesh's changing dynamics of political, economic and social configurations and development economics, the book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of Economics, Asian Studies and Development Studies"--

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 A Multidimensional View -- 1.3 Bangladesh's Structural Transformation -- 1.4 Primacy of Equality Horizon -- 1.5 Organisation of Chapters -- References -- 2 Structural Transformation: Theory and Global Evidence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Measures of Structural Transformation -- 2.3 Gains from Structural Transformation -- 2.4 Structural Transformation: Global Trends -- 2.4.1 Historical Trends in Developed Countries -- 2.4.2 Recent Trends in Developed and Developing Countries -- 2.4.3 Structural Transformation and Premature Deindustrialisation -- 2.5 Structural Transformation and Development Theory -- 2.5.1 The Neoclassical Growth Models -- 2.5.2 The Structuralist Framework -- 2.5.3 The New Structural Economics -- 2.5.4 The New Latin American Structuralism -- 2.5.5 The Value Chain Approach -- 2.5.6 Resource-Based Industrialisation -- 2.6 Empirical Evidence on Structural Transformation -- 2.6.1 Manufacturing as the Engine of Economic Growth -- 2.6.2 Role of ST in Labour Productivity Growth -- 2.6.3 Structural Change Within Manufacturing -- 2.6.4 Industrial Upgrading -- 2.7 Premature Deindustrialisation: Role of Services Sector -- 2.8 Structural Transformation and Development -- 2.8.1 Structural Transformation and Labour Market Changes -- 2.9 Structural Transformation, Employment, and Poverty -- 2.9.1 Structural Transformation and Human Development -- 2.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Structural Transformation in South Asia: An Overview -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Structural Transformation in South Asia -- 3.2.1 South Asian Growth Surprises -- 3.2.2 GDP Growth and its Composition -- 3.2.3 Changes in Macro Aggregates -- 3.3 Productivity Growth and ST in South Asia: A Panel Data Analysis.

Bangladesh has achieved commendable progress in agriculture especially in increasing food grains production over the past few decades. Three mutually supportive mechanisms have operated in different degrees for expanding agricultural (food) production in Bangladesh during the period: first, the increase in efficiency of use of farm inputs and technologies; second, using more productive inputs; and third, adopting improved technologies. Among the three, the first two have helped the small and marginal farmers (who form the overwhelming majority in Bangladesh agriculture) to experience the immediate benefits of higher farm outputs, contributing to an increased income and better living conditions. The third has been particularly important in enhancing the welfare of the consumers (resulting from lower real food prices) including the largest segment of the poor households in both rural and urban areas who are net buyers of food in Bangladesh (Mujeri, Shahana, Chowdhury, and Haider 2013). ; Non-PR ; IFPRI4; PRSSP; CRP2; DCA ; DGO; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Employing a variant of the open-static Leontief model and a
53-sector input-output table, the paper identifies a variant of the key
sectors in the Bangladesh economy in terms of trade linkages. The
concepts of gross and net linkages are introduced and the analysis is
extended to both current (flow) and capital (stock) accounts. On the
gross linkage criterion, only a handfnl of sectors emerge as key sectors
with three or more linkages. These sectors are from within the
manufacturing and services categories. This is also the case with
sectors having two strong linkages. Agricultural sectors do not feature
at all. A transition from gross to net linkages changes the rankings
quite significantly. Most agricultural sectors show two strong linkages
in the flow account. The findings suggest that Bangladeshi export
sector· is typically undiversified in that it relies heavily on
agriculture and related industries, with jute and jute textiles
accounting for over 70 percent of net export earnings. Not surprisingly,
most sectors in the industrial complex are net importers and the
domestic production of industrial goods is highly
importintensive.

The authors examine the performance of the crop sector of Bangladesh since the introduction of high yield varieties. They first present an overview of technical change in agriculture during the 1967-68 to 1983-84 period. It is followed by an analysis of the trends in area yield and output of major crops. Finally they investigate whether any regional patterns of growth can be identified. (DSE)